A gain is an increase in value of an asset.

 When the price of a stock moves very sharply up or down with no trading in between and the chart shows a break or "gap" in the price. Usually a sign of a sudden surge in strength or weakness in a market.

 The rate of change of an option's delta with respect to underlying price. The second derivative of option value with respect to underlying price. Also referred to as an options curvature.

 The GDP or Gross Domestic Product is the total market value of all goods and services produced within a country in one year. This is equal to the total consumer, investment, exports and government spending minus imports. The GDP only considers the goods and services produced within a geographic area irregardless of the producers actual nationality. The GDP numbers are reported in two different forms, the current dollar GDP and the constant dollar GDP. The current dollar GDP uses current day values for the dollar which makes comparing different time frames more difficult due to inflation. The constant dollar GDP accounts for inflation making comparisons between time frames more relevant. See GNP

 A certificate which represents ownership of a given number of a company\'s shares and which can be listed and traded independently from the underlying shares. (see also American Depositary Receipt (ADR) and Euro Depositary Receipt (EDR) )

 A global fund is a type of mutual fund that diversifies it's investments globally. While global funds provide fund managers with more options, there are also additional risks like currency fluctuations and political/economic instability.

 The GNP or gross national product is the total value of all goods and services produces by a certain nationality. Unlike the GDP which include all goods and services produced within a particular geographic area irregardless of ownership, the GNP only includes the goods and services produced by it\'s citizens irregardless of geographic area. To calculate the GNP, take the total value of goods and services produced in a nation in one year, add all the goods and services produced by citizens located outside the country, minus all the goods and services produced by foreign residents and producers. See GDP

 The gold standard was a method where governments would back their currency/bonds/notes at a fixed price to a fixed amount of gold. This would essentially set the value of the currency, for example: if country A set the price at 1$ per 1/50th of an once, and country B would set the price at 1$ per 1/100th of an once, the currency from country A would be twice as valuable as country B. Prior to the use of the gold standard there were other monetary standards that were set on other precious metals, for example silver standard were quite common in the 1800's. When governments used both gold and silver standards this was known as bimetallism. The primary idea behind the use of the gold standard rested on the theory that inflation is caused by an increase of the quantity of money that is in circulation and that by fixing the price would generate certainty in future buying power, trade and capital investments. In essence this was an attempt to remove uncertainty between currencies and trade markets. The gold standard is generally considered to have started in the early 1800's even through there was a silver standard in place. During this time there was a small percentage of silver traded so the bulk of the valuation still relied on gold. A true gold standard was implemented in 1900 was the passing of the Gold Standard Act. The gold standard was quickly dismantled in the US in 1933 when President Roosevelt outlawed private gold ownership. The US then partially returned to the gold standard in 1946 with the Bretton Woods System which was a fixed exchange rate for gold at 35$/ounce for other governments to sell gold to the US. In 1971 the end of the gold standard and the relationship between currency and commodity was removed by President Nixon who removed the fixed gold price and allowed gold to trade freely

 The ratio of any two consecutive numbers in the Fibonacci sequence, known as phi and equal to 0.618. (The formula to Phi is: Phi2 – Phi – 1 = 0 or Phi2 = Phi + 1).

 A line segment divided into two parts. Point C is positioned such that the ratio of the short half to the long half is equal to the ratio of the long half to the whole. Symbolically: A------C---B where CB / AB = AC / AB, or AB2 = BC x AC. The ratio between the larger part and the whole is always 0.618.

 Given length of time during which repayments of loan principal are excused. Typically occurs at the start of the loan period.

 An individuals total taxable income prior to adjustments.

 Gross income is the cash value of all pre-tax net sales minus cost of sales. also called gross profit

 Gross margin (%) is equal to the gross income divided by net sales * 100. The gross margin is the amount the company earns (including cost of production) for producing the goods/service. Gross margin gives a good measure of whether a company is profitable or not, the higher the gross margin the more profitable the company is.

 Gross profit is equal to the sales minus all costs related to those sales. The gross profit is the amount the company can earn per sale of the good/service. Gross profit is more commonly known as "the profit margin". also called gross income

 Gross sales is the total value of all completed sales. Gross sales is calculated by taking the total cash value of sales minus all discounts, returns, etc.

 Mutual fund which is typically comprised of younger companies. They focus on companies that are experiencing significant earnings or revenue growth and not dividends. The goal is to get the capital gains rather than an income. Growth funds tend to out-perform the market in bull markets and fall harder in bear markets.

 The growth rate is the percent change over a period in time (typically one year).

 A growth stock is a type of stock where the anticipated return of the investment is based on an increased stock value (to be realized when sold). These stocks pay no dividends, preferring to use the income instead to finance further expansion which in theory, if the company is expanding (increased revenue and market share) this expansion should be reflected in the stock price.